Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle and Hemodynamic Brain Scans Essay

Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle and Hemodynamic Brain Scans Hemodynamic brain scans such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) have been of immense utility in the neuroscience fields in illuminating the components and modulation of brain function. However, these hemodynamic brain scans have afforded utility without brain scientists truly understanding the mechanism by which they produce signals. Previously, it had been accepted without verification that the images produced by such techniques were direct results of neuronal activity. However, new techniques in studying brain function have revealed that when astrocyte activity is inhibited, hemodependent brain scans do not function (Halber 2008). Additionally, other studies have demonstrated that astrocytes display finely tuned responses to stimuli (Halber 2008) which are amenable to communication with each other in networks via calcium-wave propagation. In light of these new findings in regards to astrocyte function and communication, their influence on hemodynamic brain scans would offer much lucidity to our current understanding of neuropathology and neuromodulation. General Findings of Astrocytic Influence on Brain Scans Both PET and fMRI scans are hemodependent brain scans. However, the mechanism by which each works do differ from each other by which fundamental principle of blood flow they measure. In fMRI, a BOLD-signal (blood-oxygen-level-dependent) measurement is utilized which is then translated into working images. PET scans require a radioactive labeled tracer which accumulates in areas of activation. These active areas are then expressed in imaging techniques that interpret the level of activation. However,... ...arch 2009. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.11.005 Mo. (2008, June 20). Starring role in the brain for astrocytes [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://scienceblogs.com/neurophilosophy/2008/06/astrocytes_starring_role_in_the_brain.php Schummers, J., Yu, H., & Sur, M. (2008). Tuned responses of astrocytes and their influence on hemodynamic signals in the visual cortex. Science, 320, 1638-1643. doi: 10.1126/science.1156120 Segelken, R. (2004). CU laser microscopy technique settles brain chemistry debate, could aid studies of Alzheimer’s, stroke damage. Cornell Chronicle. Retrieved from http://www.news.cornell.edu/chronicle/04/7.1.04/astrocyte-neuron.html Vaishnavi S.N., Vlassenko A.G., Rundle M.M., Snyder A.Z., Mintun M.A., Raichle, M.E., (2010). Regional aerobic glycolysis in the human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U SA. 107, 17757–17762. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1010459107

Psychological Assessment and Testing Essay

Several websites that discuss psychological assessment and testing are scattered throughout the Internet. These psychological-based sites help students, experts and ordinary people to discern the basic concepts of psychology and recognize its various functions. One of the functions of psychological assessment and testing websites is to determine and somehow predict and pinpoint the possible psychological problem that an individual experienced. In this paper, two peer reviewed articles from two different websites devoted to psychology will be critically evaluated to illustrate the importance and role of psychological assessment and testing. The first website is www. apa. org, the title of the article is ‘How is Psychopathology Assessed in Older Adults? ’ The author of the article is the American Psychological Association. The problem deals specifically to the assessment of ‘older adults’ which are 65 years old and above. The authors list and identify several types of psychopathological assessment for older adults. The identification of the different types of assessment and test regarding the psychopathology in older adults help students, experts and other concerned individual understand the process and the meaning of the said assessments. The group hypothesize that dimensional type (age-based) of analysis is better than categorical type (illness-based) analysis in the case of older adults. The research design they used is a qualitative design. The methodology that they used is historical research wherein they analyze the data from previous works to find a generalization from deduction that can help in understanding the past, present and even future trends regarding the psychopathological assessment in older adults. They conducted their research through a comparison of the different screening measures used for older adults. The authors suggested that the Geriatric Depression Scale is the most useful due to the fact that it is age related, it can assess those who are cognitively impaired since it can either be oral or written and it is not depressive. They compared the BECK Anxiety Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Cage and Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test-Geriatric version, the MMPI-2 test, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Rorschach Inkblot Test and the Thematic Apperception Test. The authors decided to find out which assessment is most applicable and helpful since no standard exist regarding the psychopathological assessment of adults. The second website is www. mental-health-matters. com, the article is entitled ‘Personality and Stress? ’ The author was Gillian Darby, a psychologist and affiliated to Get Mental Help, Inc. The research problem was concerned on the possible relationship between personality and stress. It was important to identify the relationship to help caution those people with a personality prone to stress regarding future problems and help them understand themselves better through stress-management activities. Darby hypothesize that those who posses type ‘A’ personality are more prone to stress. Darby further elaborates that hose with type ‘B’ personality were often less aggressive and are therefore less prone to stress. The research design that was used was a qualitative research. Using this research design, Darby tries to explore the connections that exist between type ‘A’ personality and stress. The methodology that the author used is data analysis to be able to formulate the pattern/s and principle/s involve. Darby used literature review and case study review. The author included a personality test in the article to help readers qualify their personality type. Therefore the article showed the possibility that psychological assessment of personality can affect stress levels which might also lead to stress-related illness such as heart diseases. Both websites and articles proved that indeed the use of psychological assessment and test are helpful and educational. Psychological assessments help individuals to evaluate themselves. Thus, the websites and articles can also be considered as self-help materials. Psychological assessments and testing are in themselves important in understanding oneself and promoting good health and healthy living since. Second Part The article ‘How is Psychopathology Assessed in Older Adults? ’ could help medical practitioners or concerned individuals identify the best or most applicable type of assessment for the older adult patient. Most specifically, the group believes that Geriatric Depression Scale is most useful due to its nature which is somehow considerate of the older adult’s psychological state. Nevertheless, whenever these type of assessment might not be applicable, several other test and scales are presented. The article can be helpful in assisting the patient with information regarding the Psychopathology of his illness or problem. The suggestion and study in the article can be treated to be of primary importance to the medical practitioner or attendant upon admission of the patient. In case that the Geriatric Depression Scale is not applicable to the patient, the article mentioned other relevant Psychopathological assessment scales and test. If possible the Geriatric Depression Scale can be use in conjunction with another scale or test to get a better view of the psychopathology of the patient. Particularly, the assessment recommended by the group is ‘most useful’ due to the fact that it tries to focus on the medical cause of the problems by eliminating depressive questions. Geriatric Depression Scale unlike other Psychopathology Scale is not lengthy and can be answered or done orally. This somehow helped the patient minimize the effort and stress that accompanies answering lengthy and technical assessment test. The second article is about ‘Personality and Stress’. In this article, the patient will be asked to answer a questionnaire or personality test which would determine whether he/she has a type â€Å"A† or a type â€Å"B† personality. A person who understands his/her situation and behavior would normally perform better than those who cannot acknowledge or is not aware of his or her behavior and personality. Thus, with the use of the personality test employ in the article, a person is able to check him/her self and the situation. The person might opt to try new types of defense mechanism against stress or the person might want to seek professional advice regarding management of stress. As a common knowledge, stress often times leads to heart diseases. Since the article affirms that people with type â€Å"A† personality are prone to stress, it prompts necessary actions to control or reduce the possibility of heart disease. The person might try low cholesterol diet or engage in regular exercise. According to article, studies revealed that those who has type â€Å"A† personality are less relaxed than those with type â€Å"B†. This shows that the treatment for stress in the two types of personality should also vary. A medical practitioner, a psychologist or a counselor will find it easier to prescribe treatment if the cause of the illness or the source of the illness is identified. A person who has personality problems may not be treated properly with medication alone if the person still receive the same stressors at work or at home (several work load, weather, pets, traffic, etc). In case that the person already has a heart disease, knowing the personality type can help the family and the patient understands the things that can worsen the situation. For instance, a patient can understand himself better and the reason why he felt stress out. The patient might try to avoid the things that made him lose his temper. The counselor can also administer the necessary advice for the patient, since a type â€Å"A† personality is usually aggressive and critical. References: American Psychological Association. ‘How is Psychopathology Assessed in Older Adults? ’ Retrieved on January 5, 2009 from the World Wide Web: http://www. apa. org/pi/aging/practitioners/assessment05. html Darby, G. 2007. ‘Personality and Stress’ Retrieved on January 6, 2009 from the World Wide Web: http://www. mental-health-matters. com/articles/article. php? artID=1323

Traditional (School) Grammar Definition and Examples

The term traditional grammar  generally refers to the collection of prescriptive rules and concepts about the structure of language that is commonly taught in schools. Traditional English grammar (also known as school grammar) is largely based on the principles of Latin grammar, not on current linguistic research in English. See Examples and Observations below. Also, see: CodificationCorrectnessCurrent-Traditional RhetoricEnglish GrammarMake-Believe Grammar, by Gertrude BuckSentence DiagrammingTen Types of GrammarUsageWhat Are the Parts of Speech?What Is the Difference Between Grammar and Usage? Observations We say that traditional grammar is prescriptive because it focuses on the distinction between what some people do with language and what they ought to do with it, according to a pre-established standard. . . . The chief goal of traditional grammar, therefore, is perpetuating a historical model of what supposedly constitutes proper language.(James D. Williams, The Teachers Grammar Book. Routledge, 2005)[G]rammarians of the 2000s are the inheritors of the distortions and limitations imposed on English by two centuries of a Latinate perspective.(David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, 2003)From Traditional Grammar to Sentence GrammarThe first English grammars were translations of Latin grammars that had been translations of Greek grammars in a tradition that was already some two-thousand years old. Furthermore, from the seventeenth century through the first half of the nineteenth century, there were no substantial changes made in th e form of English grammar books or in the way English grammar was taught. When people talk about traditional grammar, this is the tradition they mean, or ought to mean. . . .Traditional grammar began to be challenged around the middle of the [nineteenth] century, when the second major development in grammar teaching appeared. There is no very good name for this second development but we might call it sentence grammar. Whereas traditional grammar focused primarily on the word (hence its preoccupation with parts of speech), the new grammar of the 1850s focused on the sentence. . . . It began to emphasize the grammatical importance of word order and function words . . . in addition to the few inflexional endings in English.(John Algeo, Linguistics: Where Do We Go From Here? The English Journal, January 1969)George Hillocks on the Negative Effects of Teaching Traditional GrammarThe study of traditional school grammar (i.e., the definition of parts of speech, the parsing of sentences, et c.) has no effect on raising the quality of student writing. Every other focus of instruction examined in this review is stronger. Taught in certain ways, grammar and mechanics instruction has a deleterious effect on student writing. In some studies a heavy emphasis on mechanics and usage (e.g., marking every error) resulted in significant losses in overall quality. School boards, administrators, and teachers who impose the systematic study of traditional school grammar on their students over lengthy periods of time in the name of teaching writing do them a gross disservice that should not be tolerated by anyone concerned with the effective teaching of good writing. We need to learn how to teach standard usage and mechanics after careful analysis and with minimal grammar.(George Hillocks, Research on Written Composition: New Directions for Teaching. National Council of Teachers, 1986)The Persistence of Traditional GrammarWhy do the media cling to traditional grammar and its sometime s outdated rules? Mainly because they like the prescriptive approach of traditional grammar rather than the descriptive approach of structural and transformational grammar. . . .Why? Inconsistencies in the style of a newspaper, online news site, magazine or book draw attention to themselves when readers should instead be concentrating on the content. . . .Besides, consistencies save time and money. . . . If we agree on conventions, we can avoid wasting each others time . . ..But the prescriptive rules have to be amended occasionally to reflect not only changes in the language but also research that proves traditional advice may have been inaccurate. The work of linguists is essential for making such calls on the best evidence available.(Brian Brooks, James Pinson, and Jean Gaddy Wilson, Working with Words. Macmillan, 2005)

The Role Of Public Health And Disease Prevention - 1700 Words

†¢ Describe the roles of public health and disease prevention in helping specific vulnerable populations within the selected country, and compare those to the USA’s. Be sure to include the terms listed in Student Learning Outcome #3 (above) as you write this section. (25 pts IV. Healthcare Costs A. Healthcare costs in Germany 1. Where does the money for healthcare go? (money out) a. Hospitals b. Healthcare workers c. Prescription drugs Germany’s cost-control efforts reflect its firm commitment to two goals: to ensure that all its citizens receive the same level of high-quality care and to keep health care spending in line with the health system’s†¦show more content†¦Italy has a public based system which is paid for by tax income as well as private insurance markets (Italian health care system vs. the US health care system, Bezzone, F.). America’s public coverage is limited to Medicare and Medicaid, with the major provider of health care coverage to citizens being private sectors. The United States (US) expenses have increased since implementing the ACA, unfortunately the service received it not much better than what’s received in Italy. US citizens end up paying more than others depending on the insurance provider whereas in Italy everyone pays the same price if any. On the contrary citizens of Italy are required to pay fifty percent (50%) income tax which is calculated by their income, while complaining about the quality of care they receive. The hospital rooms are overcrowded with 3-6 patients occupying on room, the nurses and doctors are overworked and underpaid which also affects the quality of care due to lack of motivation. Medical expenses in the US are twice as high as those of Italy, mainly due to providers performing extensive test repeatedly, ordering unnecessary procedures to rule out diagnosis yet ironically Americans are spending two (2) times more on health care while the life expectancy in Italy is four (4) years higher than the US. In the United States citizens areShow MoreRelatedHistory of Public Health Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Hea lth Nurse Walden University NURS 4010 Section 04, Family, Community, and Population-Based Care 10 / 21 / 2012 The History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse Overview Public health, a population-centered nursing had been in existence since the late 1880s under the guise of different names. The focus of public health nursing was on sanitation, communicable disease controlRead MoreThree Levels of Health Promotion1264 Words   |  6 Pages Three Levels of Health Promotion Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V July 13, 2014 A process that will enable people to improve and have control over their health is called health promotion. For social and environmental interventions as our focus we will need to move beyond individual behavior. It seeks development of individual measures and communities to enhance well being by changing their lifestyles. Promoting public health is an important role for the nurse by changingRead MorePublic Health and Health Care. Hcs 535 Final Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pages Public Health and Health Care Bobbie Jean Taylor, II Concepts of Population Health/HCS 535 March 5, 2012 Beth Hale, PhD. Public Health and Health Care â€Å"For over 60 years, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been dedicated to protecting health and promoting quality of life through the prevention and control of disease, injury, and disability,† (CDC, 2012, p. 1). The organization has a focus of decreasing the health and economic disadvantages of the principal reasons of demiseRead MoreHcs 535 Public Health and Healthcare1394 Words   |  6 PagesPublic health and health care Concepts of Population Health HCS/535 The Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, coordinate efforts in conjunction with states and other partnersto offer a system of health surveillance, which would monitor and prevent disease outbreaks, which includes bioterrorism. The goal of the agency is to implement strategies to prevent diseases as well as maintain national health statistics. Another role of the CDC is to safeguard against international diseaseRead MorePrevention And Control Of Communicable Diseases Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesInfections disease prevention and control and communicable and infectious disease risks are important topics that every student nurse should be exposed to during the nursing program. 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With the organizationsRead MoreCenter for Disease Control Essay example1421 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many public sector and not for profit health agencies within the United States health care system. There are health care a gencies that are run by the government, Quasi-government and voluntary. The agencies that are Quasi-government are supported by the government but managed privately and there are voluntary health agencies that can be run by private or non-profit agencies, and there are also government run agencies. Government agencies are run by the government and funded through taxes

The American Dream - 998 Words

â€Å"The purpose of human life is to serve, and to show compassion and the will to help others.† (brainyquote.com/quotes/albert_schweitzer). Service and compassion are American qualities that are vital to a person’s inalienable right to pursue happiness as set out in the Constitution. Yet when society lacks these basic behaviors, the American Dream is unattainable. John Steinbeck’s classic novel, Of Mice and Men, incorporates various characters which create sympathy in readers, characters such as Lennie, Curley’s wife, and Crooks. First, an exploration of Lennie’s character with his struggle between mental and physical strength elicits an abundance of sympathy. Lennie Smalls is anything but small. Lennies last name is an oxymoron as he is a†¦show more content†¦Curley’s wife tell Lennie repeatedly to let go, however, when he doesn’t she begins to struggle to get away from Lennie. Just like the puppy’s death, as Curley’s wife struggled Lennie began to shake and squeeze her aggressively, causing her death. For these many reasons, Lennie receives a great amount of sympathy from the reader because he had no intentions of causing all of the pain he inflicted on those people and things around him. Then, an investigation of Curley’s wife and her dreams that will never come to fruition. Curley’s wife is described as a tart, and she in never given a name throughout the entire novel. The reader feels sympathetic for Curley’s wife, because she only has Curley to talk to and he is not very loving towards her. George tells Lennie the Curley’s wife is trouble, therefore, he should avoid her at all cost. When Curley’s wife goes into the barn to talk to Lennie, he cautiously says â€Å"If George sees me talkin’ to you he’ll give me hell†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p. 87). Curley’s wife responds angrily to what Lennie said and says â€Å"Wha’s the matter with me? Ain’t I got a right to talk to nobody?†. (p.87). As Curley’s wife begins to explain how miserable her life is to Lennie, Steinbeck uses a lot of imagery to describe how glamorus her life could have been if she hadn’t of married Curley. Curley’s wife tells Lennie, â€Å"I tell you I ain’t used to livin’ like this. I coulda madeShow MoreRelatedImmigrants And The American Dream1362 Words   |  6 PagesImmigrants and the American Dream In the article â€Å"The American Dream†, by James Truslow Adams in The Sundance Reader book, he stated that the American dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. 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Although the main ideas of the American Dream remain the same to be educated, economically sound, healthy, to have a family, and equal rights. Many great films and works of literature were created to show case all the different ideas people have for their American Dream. The film â€Å"Grapes of Wrath† directed by John Ford and the poem â€Å"I Will Fight No More Forever† by Chief Joseph, both depictRead More Destruction of the American Dream Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesDestruction of the American Dream I’ve talked about it in the past, the destruction of the American Dream. Always, there have been papers, writings, and thoughts that quantify a particular section of its ultimate demise, be it due to money, education, or sexuality. Maybe the destruction cannot be viewed as a singular event or cause. Perhaps instead it must be examined as a whole process, the decay and ultimate elimination of a dream. Self destruction, if you will†¦ Mr. Self Destruct Read MoreSuccess As One Of The American Dream1137 Words   |  5 PagesApril 2015 Success as One of The American Dream When we hear the word â€Å"success†, we often think of wealth and money. To some people, the embodiment of being success is earning a lot of money. In fact, the concept of success is primarily based on how much money a person earns. However, each person views the definition of success differently. One way to define success is something that has more to do with flash than it does with substance. John Wooden, an American basketball player and coach viewRead MoreJim Cullen And The American Dream2081 Words   |  9 Pages The American Dream, as defined by Cullen, is starting your goal off with a little and ending with more; it s like a business, you invest in it in order to gain more money. Usually, people will define the American Dream as being able to achieve your goal because everyone is offered opportunities. 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The show obtains successful Entrepreneurs ready to invest their own money into other Americans wanting to be just like them, reaching the American dream and become a successful entrepreneur. The show presents entrepreneurs working towards the goal of creating a business to not only gain wealth but also change the way we live today. The show is to keep the American dream alive and well while

Influence Stakeholder Mapping Visualisatio -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Influence Stakeholder Mapping Visualisatio? Answer: Introduction There are several organizations that are shifting towards the adaptation and implementation of latest technology to improve the quality of their business operations and services. An automated health record system is now being implemented by a healthcare organization called Headspace that provides mental health services to the patients. There will be numerous advantages that will be offered to the stakeholders with the implementation of this new and improved system. There will be several specifications and requirements that will be included in the automated system that will be developed for Headspace. Non-functional requirements or the system qualities that are associated with the system are necessary to be reviewed and analyzed adequately. These are the set of requirements have equal importance and significance as the functional aspects of the system. It shall therefore be ensured that the designers and the development team incorporate these elements adequately. Usability The main aim of any system or an application is to serve its users in the best possible manner. The user experience that is earned from such a system is based upon the features and functionalities that are implemented along with the ease of usage. This forms the non-functional requirement of usability which shall be implemented in the automated system for Headspace. The functional specifications must be present along with the ability to easily login, navigate and understand the system flow (Lauesen Younessi, 2016). Reliability The mental health details of the patient are sensitive and demand extreme reliability in terms of the information that is presented by the system and the correctness of the same (Chung, 2016). Reliability of information and response shall therefore be maintained. Performance The primary purpose of the automated system being developed for Headspace is to enhance the processing speed and accuracy of results which would lead to better quality of service. Therefore, the system must have quick response time and minimum throughput time for any activity (Malan Bredemeyer, 2010). Supportability The element of supportability shall also be present in the system to ensure that the modifications in terms of number of users, technology applied, set of features etc can be easily done (Shaikh Misbahuddin, 2016). This non-functional requirement will provide the system with the ability to easily incorporate and reflect the changes without any major re-work. User Interfaces User interaction shall be enhanced and maintained by using responsive design as the system design methodology. This will ensure that the system behavior is as per the user action such as switching of the mode to landscape or portrait as per the gesture and movement made by the user. The colors used on the screen as the background and foreground color shall be in accordance with the purpose and theme of the system. Over-use of colors shall be avoided. The users must be provided with a response to every action in terms of change in color of a button, display of a message, visual highlights etc. There shall be settings possible to be done in terms of color and theme. The users shall be allowed to change the system colors and its theme (Fosse Delp, 2016). Consistency is one of the most important aspects that shall be maintained in terms of the system layout, theme, color, text size, text style etc. These elements shall not vary from one screen to the other. Navigation must be simple and users must be able to easily understand the flow of screens to reach to their desired feature in the system. Uniform styling shall be used for the textual elements in terms of the size and color of the text. The format of the reports that can be extracted from the system must be customized as per the user preferences. External Systems/Devices Interfaces Email servers and protocols shall be synced in the system to allow easy and reliable email exchange. The files shall be allowed to be easily transmitted across the network channels and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) must be incorporated for the same. Network connectivity shall be ensured and setup using Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). There may be a lot of real-time communication demanded by the users of the system which shall be enabled through communication protocols and tele-conferencing mediums. The system must be connected and synced in with the health equipment (Conde et al., 2010). Information shall be protected and secured by making use of secure HTTP which is also known as HTTPS (Wheatcraft, 2010). System Constraints The coding of the system for Headspace shall be done in PHP programming language. Cloud/NoSQL databases shall be setup and synced in with the front end. Bugzilla shall be used for defect reporting and defect management (Dettmer, 2016). Cloud Based Solutions: Review The implementation and deployment of the automated system for Headspace will have a lot of reliance on the cloud computing frameworks and models. It will be necessary that the selection of these models is done correctly so that the desired results are achieved. The system delivery will be possible to be done by using different cloud models like SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. The model that has been found to be most applicable in relation with the automated system for Headspace is PaaS model. PaaS stands for Platform as a Service and it would offer many benefits and advantages to Headspace. The most important parameter that was considered behind the selection of this model was the enhanced security which would be offered as a result. This would allow the maintenance and easy management of the information sets with protection of the security and privacy of information. The issues and problems around the ownership will also be absent which would make the overall management extremely smooth. The deployment of these services to Headspace and the end users will be possible to be done by using different cloud models such as private, public or hybrid cloud. The one that is recommended in this case is the hybrid cloud model. It is a combination of the other two models and would provide the necessary set of services as per the requirements. There is a lot of information that will be associated with the cloud models in terms of sensitive health details, private patient information, public details etc. These information sets and associated services will be easily managed and executed through hybrid model. SDLC Approach There are different methodologies that have been created for the development of a particular software or system. The two broad categories are predictive and adaptive methods. Predictive Approach The predictive approach, as the name suggests, is the approach in which the predictions and estimations regarding the steps to follow, processes to execute, specifications to be met etc. are decided in the beginning. It is on the basis of these estimations and predictions that the entire life cycle of system development is based upon. These decisions and estimations are formed on the information that is gathered and provided in relation with the system. There is a defined set of activities that are executed under this approach and Waterfall Model is one of the most commonly used methods under the predictive approach. Adaptive Approach Adaptive approach, on the other hand, is completely opposite of the predictive approach. In case of adaptive development, there is no defined method or processes that are followed or designed. The requirements are reviewed and the decisions regarding the processes to be executed, effort to be applied, schedule and budget etc. are ad-hoc in nature. These decisions are taken during the execution time and these can be altered as per the nature and demand of the system. Agile methodology is the most frequently used methodology that comes under the adaptive approach for system development. Conclusions The recommendation in terms of the cloud deployment and cloud delivery models has been covered in the sections above. In association with the development approach and methodology, the method that shall be adopted shall be agile methodology for system development. It has been recommended because of the requirements that are associated with the automated system to be developed for Headspace. Also, it will offer the necessary supportability, scalability, flexibility and adaptability. The customers and stakeholders will also be contacted and informed regularly so that they are aware of the project progress at all times. Apart from the development approach and technique, management and planning will also be necessary for the project. The approach that has been recommended for these activities is Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). The knowledge areas under the PMBOK methodology will provide the management and leadership with guidelines on efficient and smooth project management. Testing activities shall also be executed correctly so that the defects and bugs are identified and corrected prior to the final release. It is usually witnessed that management does not give due importance to planning and testing phases that contribute to the failure of the project. This shall be avoided in this case by designing and estimating the schedule accordingly. References Agilemodeling,. (2016). UML 2 Use Case Diagramming Guidelines. Agilemodeling.com. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://agilemodeling.com/style/useCaseDiagram.htm Bourne, L. (2016). Stakeholder Relationship Management. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://www.mosaicprojects.com.au/PDF_Papers/P128b_Stakeholder_Relationship_Management.pdf Chung, L. (2016). Non-Functional Requirements. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://www.utdallas.edu/~chung/SYSM6309/NFR-18-4-on-1.pdf Conde, J., De, S., Hall, R., Johansen, E., Meglan, D., Peng, G. (2010). Telehealth Innovations in Health Education and Training. Telemedicine And E-Health, 16(1), 103-106. https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2009.0152 Dettmer, H. (2016). Systems and Constraints: The Concept of Leverage. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://goalsys.com/systemsthinking/documents/Part-6-SystemsandConstraints.pdf Fakhroutdinov, K. (2016). UML actor is a role played by a human user of the designed system, some other system or hardware that interacts with the subject by using services of the subject.. Uml-diagrams.org. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://www.uml-diagrams.org/use-case-actor.html Fosse, E. Delp, C. (2016). Systems Engineering Interfaces: A Model Based Approach. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://www.omgsysml.org/System_Engineering_Interfaces-IEEE_2013.pdf Lauesen, S. Younessi, H. (2016). Six Styles for Usability Requirements. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://www.itu.dk/~slauesen/Papers/SixStyles.pdf Malan, R. Bredemeyer, D. (2010). Defining Non-Functional Requirements. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://www.bredemeyer.com/pdf_files/NonFunctReq.PDF McAtee, M. (2016). A good compliance system takes the administrating out of managing. Qualitydigest.com. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://www.qualitydigest.com/nov01/html/paperless.html Rhyous,. (2011). The 8 Types of Technical Documentation and Why Each Is Important. Rhyous. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://www.rhyous.com/2011/07/21/the-different-types-of-technical-documentation-for-software-and-why-each-is-important/ Shaikh, A. Misbahuddin, M. (2016). A system design for a telemedicine health care system. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/10498/1/gupea_2077_10498_1.pdf Walker, D. (2016). Influence, Stakeholder Mapping and Visualisation. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://mosaicprojects.com.au/PDF_Papers/P062_Influence_Stakeholder_Mapping_and_Visualisation.pdf Watt, A. (2016). 5. Stakeholder Management | Project Management. Opentextbc.ca. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://opentextbc.ca/projectmanagement/chapter/chapter-5-project-stakeholders-project-management/ Wheatcraft, L. (2010). Everything you wanted to know about interfaces, but were afraid to ask. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://spacese.spacegrant.org/uploads/images/UserContributedFiles/WheatcraftInterfaces110909.pdf Wick, S. (2016). User Stories and Use Cases - Dont Use Both!. Batimes.com. Retrieved 04 October 2017, from https://www.batimes.com/articles/user-stories-and-use-cases-dont-use-both.html

The Strategy Tripod

The resource based view of strategy explains that the performance of companies is impacted by the available resources and capabilities. This approach to strategy is advantageous to the firm as it enables managers to prioritize and effectively use the available organizational resources.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Strategy Tripod specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is indeed true that resources are scarce and limited. Organizations therefore have to use what is available according to the importance of tasks. This view of strategy enables managers to examine the order of importance of various organizational activities. Based on this list, the manager is able to offer the most important activities the opportunity to utilize resources first. Resources vary from equipment, money, time, personnel and skills. The resource based view forces the managers to strategize on how best these resources can be put to use in their companies. According to the business-level model of entrepreneurship, optimization of resources is very important. Optimization is defined as making the best use of what is available. The purpose of businesses is to make profits (Morris, Schindehutte and Allen 727). Profitability usually depends on the ability of companies to use their resources well. Resources such as time should be managed using schedules and plans of action. Personnel and skills can be managed by human resource management techniques and proper leadership. Equipment on the other hand can be managed through optimization whereby the most important activities are accorded the first chance to use them. This approach increases profitability by increasing effectiveness and efficiency in the use of resources. The resource based approach however undermines the firm’s ability to adapt to change. This approach was developed and widely used many years ago. There are newer challenges in the business environmen t that make it difficult for managers to achieve profitability simply by properly allocating resources. The corporate-level-model of diversification looks at the interests of the company as a whole on matters such as stability and growth (Rasheed 3). There are many aspects of an organization as a corporate. For instance, professionalism, code of ethics, organizational culture and communication channels are factors that describe the character of corporations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The corporate-level-model of diversification describes how organizations have had to broaden their view on business. There has been the need to diversify the approach to management and use of resources in the current world. Despite this, the resource based view of strategy enables managers to make the best use of what is available despite the hard business environment in which they operate . It is important that resources are allocated to the most important activities so that all crucial matters are taken care of first. This approach however does not react to the changes that occur regularly. Since the environment of today has unique challenges and diversification needs, strategy development should be based on more changeable methods. The resource method limits strategy development to what is available and capabilities that are already there. The current world requires strategies that seek acquisition of new resources and addition of skills and capabilities. In summary, the resource based view should be considered by all managers since all organizations utilize what is available so as to achieve their goals. The resource based view can also help in development of the global strategy. This is because even in the global markets, there is scarcity of resources. Funds limit the ability of organizations to enter new markets, create products and acquire other companies. Imp lementation of global strategies depends on a company’s ability to optimize on their available resources. Efficiency in the use of resources determines whether a company will successfully implement its global strategies. Works Cited Rasheed, Howard S. â€Å"Growth or retrenchment strategy choices for declining Entrepreneurial firms: The effects of performance and resources†. Journal of Business and Entrerpreneurship. 1-20. Web. Morris Michael, Schindehutte Minet and Allen Jeffrey. â€Å"The entrepreneur’s business model: toward a unified perspective†. Journal of Business Research. 58(2005): 726–735. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/1002583/The_entrepreneurs_business_model_toward_a_unified_perspectiveAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Strategy Tripod specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on The Strategy Tripod was written and submitted by user Jaydin J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.